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International Accreditation of Healthcare Facilities

Ambulatory Clinic Standards · Standard 21

Narcology & Addiction Treatment

ASF-AMB-STD3-v3.0  ·  Published  ·  12 September 2026  ·  287 pages  ·  27 chapters

STANDARD 21

Narcology & Addiction Treatment

OPTIONAL ENDORSEMENT

Requires Standards 1–7 verified first

3 criteria

  Standard 21.1 NON-NEGOTIABLE · Standard 21: Narcology & Addiction Treatment
Controlled Substance Handling Follows a Defined Diversion Control Plan
ASSESSMENT
ASF-AMB-STD21-v3.0
CR N/A TR FULL SM FULL ST FULL
21.1
NON-NEGOTIABLE
L1
THE STANDARD
Controlled Substance Handling Follows a Defined Diversion Control Plan
Storage, dispensing, and any take-home provision of controlled medications used in addiction treatment follows a specific, written diversion control plan — secure storage, dispensing records, identifiable take-home packaging — not general good practice without a defined, documented plan.
CLINIC SELF-ASSESSMENT Tick YES, PARTIAL, or NO for each question.
1 Is there a specific, written diversion control plan covering storage, dispensing, and take-home provision?
A specific, documented plan, not general good practice assumed to be sufficient.
Doc: Diversion control plan document
YES PARTIAL NO
2 Is take-home medication packaged and labeled in a way specifically designed to identify it and deter diversion?
Specific, identifiable packaging, not standard containers without distinguishing features.
Doc: Take-home packaging protocol
YES PARTIAL NO
3 Do patients receiving take-home medication receive specific education on safe storage and transport, including household safety?
Genuine, documented education, not assumed common sense.
Doc: Patient education documentation
YES PARTIAL NO

ALL YES Standard likely met. ANY PARTIAL Improvement plan required. ANY NO Blocks accreditation until resolved.

WHAT THE ASSESSOR DOES ON SITE no surprises, no hidden checks
DOCUMENT
Diversion control plan review
Reviews the written diversion control plan for specificity and completeness.
OBSERVE
Take-home packaging check
Confirms take-home medication packaging is specifically identifiable and secure.
DOCUMENT
Patient education review
Reviews documentation of specific patient education on safe storage and transport.

REFERENCES

  1. [92] Established regulatory principles for medications used in the treatment of opioid use disorder, recognized in various forms across many countries, require a written diversion control plan, secure and identifiable take-home medication packaging, and patient education on safe storage and transport.
  Standard 21.1 · Standard 21: Narcology & Addiction Treatment
Guidance & Learning
GUIDANCE
ASF-AMB-STD21-v3.0
WHY THIS STANDARD EXISTS

Controlled medications used in addiction treatment carry real diversion risk precisely because they are effective, sought-after substances, and a defined, written plan — not general care — is what specifically prevents theft, diversion, and unsafe handling at each stage from storage through to the patient's own home.

The evidence: [92] Established regulatory principles for medications used in the treatment of opioid use disorder, recognized in various forms across many countries, require a written diversion control plan, secure and identifiable take-home medication packaging, and patient education on safe storage and transport.
WHAT GOOD LOOKS LIKE
✓ A specific, written diversion control plan covers storage, dispensing, and take-home provision.
✓ Take-home packaging is specifically identifiable and secure.
✓ Patients receive genuine, documented education on safe storage and transport.
WHAT FAILURE LOOKS LIKE
✗ No specific written plan exists beyond general good practice.
✗ Take-home packaging isn't specifically identifiable or secure.
✗ Patient education on storage and transport is assumed rather than genuinely provided.
MOST COMMON REASONS CLINICS SCORE PARTIAL

1 Storage security is strong but dispensing records aren't consistently reconciled against inventory.

Diversion can occur at the dispensing stage even when storage itself is secure.

2 Take-home packaging is used but doesn't consistently include identifying information.

Identifiable packaging is specifically what allows recovery or accountability if diversion is suspected.

3 Education happens for new patients but isn't reinforced for those on long-term take-home regimens.

Household circumstances can change over the course of long-term treatment, and reinforcement matters.

HOW TO IMPLEMENT IF YOU ARE STARTING FROM ZERO

Week 1 Review current controlled substance handling against a specific, written diversion control plan standard.

Week 2 Establish or strengthen identifiable, secure take-home packaging.

Week 3 Establish genuine, documented patient education on safe storage and transport.

Ongoing Reconcile dispensing records against inventory regularly.

FOR SURVEYORS — WHAT IS NOT OBVIOUS

Ask for the actual written diversion control plan, not a general description of careful handling.

A specific, written document is the real evidence of a genuine plan.

Ask a patient receiving take-home medication what storage guidance they were given.

This reveals whether education is genuine practice, not just assumed to have happened.

E-LEARNING academy.gmj.ge/amb-std21-1-diversion-control — 30 min · complete before self-assessment
  Standard 21.2 NON-NEGOTIABLE · Standard 21: Narcology & Addiction Treatment
Withdrawal Management Uses a Validated Assessment Scale, Not Clinical Impression Alone
ASSESSMENT
ASF-AMB-STD21-v3.0
CR N/A TR FULL SM FULL ST FULL
21.2
NON-NEGOTIABLE
L1
THE STANDARD
Withdrawal Management Uses a Validated Assessment Scale, Not Clinical Impression Alone
Withdrawal severity is assessed using a validated, standardised scale, applied consistently and at defined intervals, with the result actively guiding the management decision — not estimated from clinical impression without a structured, repeatable tool.
CLINIC SELF-ASSESSMENT Tick YES, PARTIAL, or NO for each question.
1 Is a validated, standardised withdrawal assessment scale used consistently, not clinical impression alone?
A specific, validated tool, applied the same way every time.
Doc: Withdrawal assessment scale documentation
YES PARTIAL NO
2 Is the scale applied at defined intervals appropriate to the withdrawal risk, not only when a concern happens to arise?
A specific, scheduled interval, not reactive assessment alone.
Doc: Assessment interval protocol
YES PARTIAL NO
3 Does the scale result actually guide the management decision, not just get recorded alongside a separately made clinical decision?
Genuine, documented linkage between score and decision, not parallel, disconnected processes.
Doc: Score-to-decision linkage record
YES PARTIAL NO

ALL YES Standard likely met. ANY PARTIAL Improvement plan required. ANY NO Blocks accreditation until resolved.

WHAT THE ASSESSOR DOES ON SITE no surprises, no hidden checks
DOCUMENT
Assessment scale review
Reviews the specific validated scale used and confirms consistent application.
DOCUMENT
Assessment interval review
Reviews the defined interval schedule for withdrawal assessment.
DOCUMENT
Score-to-decision review
Reviews whether management decisions are genuinely linked to the assessment score.

REFERENCES

  1. [93] Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989;84(11):1353-1357 — establishes a validated, standardised scale for withdrawal severity assessment, widely adopted as the clinical standard.
  Standard 21.2 · Standard 21: Narcology & Addiction Treatment
Guidance & Learning
GUIDANCE
ASF-AMB-STD21-v3.0
WHY THIS STANDARD EXISTS

Withdrawal severity can escalate significantly within a short period, and a validated, standardised scale gives a consistent, comparable measurement over time that clinical impression alone cannot reliably provide — this consistency is what allows genuinely early recognition of escalating severity.

The evidence: [93] Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989;84(11):1353-1357 — establishes a validated, standardised scale for withdrawal severity assessment, widely adopted as the clinical standard.
WHAT GOOD LOOKS LIKE
✓ A validated scale is used consistently for every applicable patient.
✓ Assessment happens at defined, scheduled intervals.
✓ Management decisions are genuinely and documentably linked to the score.
WHAT FAILURE LOOKS LIKE
✗ Withdrawal severity is estimated from clinical impression without a structured tool.
✗ Assessment happens only reactively, when a concern arises.
✗ Scores are recorded but don't genuinely drive the management decision made.
MOST COMMON REASONS CLINICS SCORE PARTIAL

1 The scale is used consistently during standard hours but less consistently during off-hours coverage.

Withdrawal risk doesn't diminish outside standard operating hours.

2 Assessment intervals are followed initially but relax as a patient's condition appears to stabilise.

Early stabilisation doesn't eliminate the value of continued, consistent monitoring.

3 The score is calculated correctly but the specific threshold for changing management isn't clearly defined.

A calculated score without a clear action threshold provides limited real guidance.

HOW TO IMPLEMENT IF YOU ARE STARTING FROM ZERO

Week 1 Review current withdrawal assessment practice for validated scale use versus clinical impression alone.

Week 2 Establish or reinforce a defined assessment interval schedule.

Week 3 Define clear thresholds linking specific scores to specific management decisions.

Ongoing Audit consistency of scale use across all coverage periods, including off-hours.

FOR SURVEYORS — WHAT IS NOT OBVIOUS

Ask staff working off-hours or covering shifts specifically about assessment practice.

This is where consistency most commonly relaxes relative to standard hours.

Ask for a specific example of a score change leading to a specific management change.

A real example reveals whether the score genuinely drives decisions, not just gets recorded.

E-LEARNING academy.gmj.ge/amb-std21-2-withdrawal-assessment — 30 min · complete before self-assessment
  Standard 21.3 CORE · Standard 21: Narcology & Addiction Treatment
Urine Drug Screening Chain of Custody Prevents Tampering
ASSESSMENT
ASF-AMB-STD21-v3.0
CR N/A TR FULL SM FULL ST FULL
21.3
CORE
L1
THE STANDARD
Urine Drug Screening Chain of Custody Prevents Tampering
Urine drug screening follows a defined chain-of-custody process — specimen temperature verification, direct observation where clinically indicated, secure transport — that genuinely prevents substitution or tampering, not a process that assumes good faith without verification.
CLINIC SELF-ASSESSMENT Tick YES, PARTIAL, or NO for each question.
1 Is specimen temperature verified immediately after collection, as a specific, documented step?
A specific, documented check, not assumed from general collection procedure.
Doc: Temperature verification record
YES PARTIAL NO
2 Is direct observation used where clinically indicated, following a specific, defined standard for when it applies?
A specific standard for when observation is used, not inconsistent, ad hoc application.
Doc: Direct observation policy
YES PARTIAL NO
3 Is chain of custody maintained and documented from collection through to result, with any break specifically flagged?
A genuinely unbroken, documented chain, with any gap specifically identified, not assumed intact.
Doc: Chain of custody documentation
YES PARTIAL NO

ALL YES Standard likely met. ANY PARTIAL Improvement plan required. ANY NO Requires improvement plan.

WHAT THE ASSESSOR DOES ON SITE no surprises, no hidden checks
DOCUMENT
Temperature verification review
Reviews records confirming specimen temperature is verified immediately after collection.
DOCUMENT
Direct observation policy review
Reviews the specific standard for when direct observation is clinically indicated and applied.
DOCUMENT
Chain of custody review
Reviews documentation for a genuinely unbroken chain of custody from collection to result.

REFERENCES

  1. [94] Specimen temperature verification and defined chain-of-custody procedures are established practice for preventing urine drug screening substitution and tampering in addiction treatment settings.
  Standard 21.3 · Standard 21: Narcology & Addiction Treatment
Guidance & Learning
GUIDANCE
ASF-AMB-STD21-v3.0
WHY THIS STANDARD EXISTS

A drug screening result that can be substituted or tampered with provides false reassurance that's arguably worse than no test at all, since it creates confidence in a result that doesn't reflect reality — the verification steps exist specifically because good faith alone hasn't proven sufficient.

The evidence: [94] Specimen temperature verification and defined chain-of-custody procedures are established practice for preventing urine drug screening substitution and tampering in addiction treatment settings.
WHAT GOOD LOOKS LIKE
✓ Specimen temperature is verified and documented immediately after collection.
✓ Direct observation follows a specific, defined standard, applied consistently.
✓ Chain of custody is genuinely unbroken and documented, with any gap specifically flagged.
WHAT FAILURE LOOKS LIKE
✗ Temperature verification doesn't happen or isn't documented.
✗ Direct observation is applied inconsistently without a clear standard.
✗ Chain of custody has undocumented gaps or is assumed intact without verification.
MOST COMMON REASONS CLINICS SCORE PARTIAL

1 Temperature verification happens but isn't consistently documented in the specimen record.

An undocumented check is difficult to distinguish from a check that didn't happen.

2 Direct observation criteria exist but aren't consistently applied by all staff collecting specimens.

A standard needs consistent application across everyone performing collection to provide real protection.

3 Chain of custody documentation exists but has occasional gaps during transport to an external lab.

Any gap in the chain, however brief, represents a real point where tampering could occur undetected.

HOW TO IMPLEMENT IF YOU ARE STARTING FROM ZERO

Week 1 Review current specimen collection practice for temperature verification and documentation.

Week 2 Establish or reinforce a specific, consistently applied direct observation standard.

Week 3 Close any gap in chain-of-custody documentation, particularly during external transport.

Ongoing Audit chain-of-custody documentation for completeness periodically.

FOR SURVEYORS — WHAT IS NOT OBVIOUS

Ask to see the actual temperature verification and chain-of-custody documentation for a recent specimen.

Specific, dated records are the only real evidence of a genuinely functioning process.

Ask staff the specific criteria for when direct observation is used.

A specific, consistent answer reveals a genuine standard rather than inconsistent individual judgement.

E-LEARNING academy.gmj.ge/amb-std21-3-drug-screening-custody — 30 min · complete before self-assessment

Test your facility against this standard

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